اثرات کوتاه مدت بایوچار حاصل از برگ خرما بر حفظ رطوبت در خاک لوم شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی؛ گروه مهندسی آب؛ دانشکده کشاورزی؛ دانشگاه شهرکرد؛ ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

بایوچار، نام ترکیب آلی پایداری است که از تجزیه گرمایی هر نوع زیست‌توده تحت شرایط محدودیت اکسیژن که پیرولیز گفته می‌شود تهیه می‌گردد و در کشاورزی به منظور اصلاح شرایط فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک استفاده می‌شود. هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، بررسی اثرات بایوچار برگ خرما بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و رفتار رطوبتی خاکی با بافت لوم شنی بود. پنج نوع بایوچار تحت شرایط دمایی متفاوت (300، 350، 400، 450 و 500 درجه سانتیگراد) و مدت حرارت 3 ساعت با استفاده از یک بوته برقی تهیه شد. بایوچارها با نسبت وزنی 3 درصد، بطور یکنواخت و بصورت پودری با خاک عبور داده شده از الک 2 میلی‌متر مخلوط شده و به مدت 2 ماه خوابانده شدند، سپس منحنی مشخصه رطوبتی مبتنی بر مدل ون‌گنوختن تعیین شد. رطوبت در وضعیت‌های ظرفیت مزرعه (FC)، نقطه پژمردگی دائم (PWP)، آب قابل دسترس گیاه (PAWC)، ظرفیت نگهداری رطوبت (WHC) و درصد اشباع ( ) تعیین شدند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، با افزایش دمای پیرولیز در دامنه 300 تا 500 درجه سانتیگراد تغییرات معنی‌داری در خصوصیات فیزیکی و رفتار رطوبتی خاک ایجاد نشد ولی بطور کلی کاربرد بایوچار باعث کاهش معنی‌دار (P<0.01) وزن مخصوص ظاهری گردید که به چگالی پایین ذرات بایوچار و نقش آن در بازآرایی منافذ خاک و تشکیل منافذ ثانویه نسبت داده می‌شود. مقادیر میانگین WHC، PAWC،  و FC به ترتیب به میزان 4/24، 1/20، 4/23 و 24 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد (خاک بدون بایوچار) افزایش پیدا کردند ولی PWP تغییرات معنی‌داری نداشت. داده‌های منحنی‌های مشخصه رطوبتی نشان داد که بایوچار باعث افزایش معنی‌دار (P<0.01) منافذ بزرگتر از µm 2/0 که به لحاظ ذخیره رطوبت قابل دسترس گیاه حائز اهمیت است می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Short-term effects of biochar produced from date palm’s leaves on moisture retention in sandy loam soil

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehrdad Nowroozi 1
چکیده [English]

Biochar is a durable organic compound obtained by thermal decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions (called pyrolysis). It is used for improving chemical and physical properties of soil in agriculture. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of biochar, produced from date palm’s leaves, on the physical properties and hydrological behavior of a sandy loam soil by carrying out a pot experiment. Pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 degree of centigrade) in an electric furnace five biochars were obtained. Biochars were in powdered form and evenly added to soil (air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve) at the rate of 3% (w/w) and incubated for 2 months. Water retention curves (WRCs) based on Van Genuchten model determined. By measuring gravimetric water content at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP), plant available water content (PAWC) calculated. Also, water holding capacity (WHC) and saturation percentage ( ) determined. The results showed that by increasing pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 500 degree of centigrade, physical properties and hydrological behavior of the soil had not significant changes. Generally, soil bulk density (BD) significantly (P<0.01) decreased compared to control, which could be attributed to low density of biochar particles and its contribution on rearrangement of soil pores and creation of new accommodation pores. WHC, PAWC,  and FC increased 24.4%, 20.1%, 23.4% and 24% respectively compared to control, but PWP had not significant changes. Data of WRCs indicated a significant (P<0.01) increase in pores greater than 0.2 µm, which are important in storing plant available water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • plant available water
  • soil structure
  • water holding capacity
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